Computer Software

Computer software is a vast term used to describe a collection of computer programmes, procedures and documentation that all perform tasks on a computer system. Computer software is the applications that we use on our computers such as office programmes and even windows itself. Computer software is any programme that we load onto and install on our computers.

Computer software is usually brought in CD format and is then installed onto our computers from this. Any new programmes etc that you buy for your computer can be classed as a form of software. Without software you wouldn’t get very far with the use of your computer.

When software is placed or opened on your computer it is loaded into the RAM and executed through the central processing unit (CPU) it is then available for you to use.

Software comes in three main types, the first being system software. This helps to run your computer hardware as well as your computer system. The second is programming software. This provides tools to assist programmers in writing computer programmes, such as text editors, compliers, interpreters and linkers. The last form of software is application software. This allows end users to accomplish one or more specific tasks. Typical applications include industrial, business, educational, medical databases and computer games; businesses being the biggest users of application software.

There are many avenues in which you go approach in order to buy computer software such as you can buy it new from retail stores; however many people find it difficult to find the exact software that they need from a retail store and often turn to buying software online.

The Internet in itself is a bigger competitive market. You have more chance of finding what you need by using the Internet. This applies to the purchasing of computer software. There are many Internet sites that primarily focus on the selling of computer software giving you more of a chance of finding what you want as well as giving you more choice of brands and the power of a software. It can also be cheaper if you buy it online as there are a number of good deals around that will enable that you get the most for your money.

One good site that appears on the Internet is called kelkoo. This site is a price comparison site specifically for computer parts and software. Again this demonstrates that by using the Internet you are more likely to get a good deal on the software that you purchase. Also the Internet can sometimes give you the option of online downloads meaning that you can purchase and download your product at any time and from anywhere in the world.

One thing that you need to be aware of however if you are hoping to use the Internet to purchase your software is fraud. In order to ensure that you are buying a genuine copy you should find out about the site that you are buying your software from or stick to retailers that you are aware of. This makes sure that you don’t spend money on something that could potentially harm your computer and that is also illegal.

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Contoh Skripsi Persepsi dan Pengetahuan Siswa tentang Orang Utan

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

Di alam, orangutan dijumpai hidup pada habitat hutan hujan dataran rendah secara semi soliter dan arboreal, orang utan ditemukan banyak mengkonsumsi buah sebagai makanan utamanya. Saat ini populasi orangutan di habitatnya mengalami penurunan secara drastis dalam beberapa dekade terakhir dan belakangan ini penurunan populasi yang terjadi cenderung semakin cepat. Menurut Sumatran Orangutan Societies (SOS, 2010), Data terbaru menyebutkan bahwa sekarang hanya ada 6500 orangutan yang tersisa di Alam liar. Orangutan Sumatra telah masuk dalam klasifikasi Critically Endanger dalam daftar IUCN. Populasinya menurun drastis dimana pada tahun 1994 jumlahnya mencapai lebih dari 12.000, namun pada tahun 2003 menjadi sekitar 7.300 ekor. Data pada tahun 2008 melaporkan bahwa diperkirakan jumlah Orangutan Sumatra di alam liar hanya tinggal sekitar 6.500 ekoR

Orang utan (pongo pymakus) ialah satu – satunya spesies kera besar yang masih hidup di asia. Bukti fosil memberi petunjuk bahwa pada masa pleitosen orang utan tersebar relatif luas. Dapat dijumpai di seluruh asia tenggara, dari pulau jawa di ujung selatan sampai ujung utara pegunungan Himalaya dan cina bagian selatan.(goldikas, 1984:2).

Akan tetapi saat ini orang utan hanya ditemukan di Kalimantan dan di bagian utara Sumatra, populasi orang utan di kedua pulau tersebut terdiri dari dua spesies yaitu orang utan Sumatra (pongo pymacus abelii) dan orang utan Kalimantan (pongo pymacus pymacus) (Almoko dalam Indrawan et.al : 2007:235).

Penyebab utamaterjadinya penyempitan daerah sebaran adalah karna manusia dan orang utan menyukai tempat hidup yang sama,terutama dataran alluvial disekitar daerah aliran sungai dan hutan rawa gambut. Pemanfaatan lahan tersebut untuk aktivitas social ekonomi, dan budaya manusia umumnya berakibat fatal bagi orangutan (soehartono et.al. 2007:1).

Penurunan populasi orangutan tersebut terjadi karena hutan yang menjadi habitatnya telah dirusak dan hilang oleh penebangan liar, konversi lahan untuk perkebunan, kebakaran dan perburuan. Kondisi yang sangat mengkwatirkan tersebut telah menempatkan orangutan sumatra ke dalam kategori kritis/sangat terancam punch (Critically endangered) di dalam daftar merah IUCN (2010), sebuah badan dunia yang memantau tingkat keterancaman jenis secara global. Di tingkat nasional, orangutan dilindungi keberadaannya oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya, termasuk turunannya yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah No. 7 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengawetan Tumbuhan dan Satwa liar dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa liar.(Soehartono, et al., 2007:8)

Berbagai usaha penegakan hukum perlindungan orangutan dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk menyelamatkan keberadaan orangutan, salah satunya adalah dengan jalan menangkap para pemburu, penyelundup dan pemelihara ilegal orangutan, Berta menyita orangutan yang mereka miliki sejalan dengan usaha pemulihan kondisi populasi orangutan, karena diharapkan mampu menciptakan efek jera bagi pelanggar hukum tersebut. Selain itu orangutan sitaan tersebut memiliki potensi untuk dilepas-liarkan kembali atau. Reintroduksi.

Dalam dua dekade terakhir ini usaha penyitaan orangutan tersebut selalu dilanjutkan dengan usaha rehabilitasi dan reintroduksi karena diharapkan nantinya orangutan-orangutan sitaan yang telah direhabilitasi dapat berkembang menjadi populasi baru, sehingga pada akhimya dapat membantu pemulihan populasinya, di alam. Khusus orangutan Sumatra, reintroduksi telah dilakukan mulai tahun 2002 sampai sekarang oleh Departemen Kehutanan bekerja sama dengan Sumatran Orangutan (SCOP) dan Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS).

Selain dengan program rehabilitasi dan reintroduksi orangutan, upaya pelestarian orangutan perlu dilakukan secara menyeluruh, termasuk dengan memberikan pendidikan mengenai orangutan bagi generasi muda khususnya siswa-siswa di Sekolah. Materi Pendidikan lingkungan, termasuk konservasi orangutan sangat baik jika diterapkan di Sekolah-Sekolah yang berdekatan langsung dengan habitat orangutan. Hal ini penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat sejak dini melalui bangku Sekolah akan pelestarian orangutan, dan menurut Soehartono (2007:24) kesadaran ini akan membuat masyarakat menghentikan dan mengurangi pengrusakan habitat orangutan seperti pembalakan liar dan sekaligus melestarikan orangutan, Berta brewer (2010:577) konservasi orangutan membutuhkan lebih banyak partisifasi orang.

Sebelum melaksanakan program ini di Sekolah-Sekolah, perlu diketahui bagaimana persepsi dan pengetahuan siswa mengenai orangutan, untuk itu perlu diadakan penelitian mengenai mengenai persepsi dan pengetahuan siswa terhadap orangutan Sumatra, terutama di sekitar wilayah yang menjadi habitat orangutan.

1.2. Rumusan masalah

1.      Bagaimana, persepsi siswa-siswa disekitar TN Bukit tigapuluh terhadap orangutan sumatra

2.      Bagaimana pengetahuan siswa-siswa disekitar TN Bukit tigapuluh terhadap orangutan sumatra.

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian

1.    Untuk mengetahui persepsi siswa-siswa terhadap orangutan sumatra

2.    Untuk mengetahui pengetahuan siswa-siswa terhadap orangutan sumatra

3.    Untuk mengetahui perbedaan persepsi dan pengetahuan siswa-siswa terhadap orangutan sumatra

1.4. Kegunaan hasil penelitian

1.      Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah kazanah ilmu pengetahuan, wawasan yang di harapkan dapat bermanfaat dalam usaha pelestarian orang hutan

2.      Sebagai bahan masukan untuk memasukkan pendidikan konservasi kedalam kurikulum sekolah saat ini

1.5. Asumsi penelitian

Asumsi yang di ajukan dapam penelitian ini adalah bahwa siswa-siswa di sekitar taman  nasional bukit tigapuluh memiliki persepsi dan pengetahuan yang sangat bervariasi terhadap orangutan. Perbedaan pengetahuan dan persepsi tersebut berpengaruh terhadap pelestarian orangutan di taman anasional bukit tigapuluh

 

1.6 ruang lingkup dan keterbatasan penelitian

Ruang lingkup penelitian

1.      Penelitian difokuskan pada pengumpulan data yang berkaitan dengan persepsi dan pengetahuan siswa tentang orang utan.

2.      Penalitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data primer di lakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur dengan daftar pertanyaan yang telah disiapkan terlebih dahulu. Sedangkan data skunder diperoleh dari studiliteratur serta sumber data lainnya mengenai orang utan.

1.7. Keterbatasan penelitian

1.      Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa – siswa laki – laki dan perempuan kelas 2 SMA.

2.      Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di dua kabupaten, yaitu kabupaten tebo dan kabupeten tanjung jabung barat YANG TERDIRI DARI 4 SMA yang berada dalam kecamatan yang langsung berbatasan dengan TNTB. Kabupaten tebo terdiri dari 2 kecamatan yaitu sumai dan tebo ilir.sedangkan kabupaten tanjung jabung barat terdiri dari 2 kecamatan yaitu tungkal ulu dan kecamatan merlung.

1.8.. definisi operasional

Pengetahuan yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini ialah kemampuan siswa untuk mengingat fakta, symbol atau informasi orang utan

1)      Persepsi pada penelitian ini ialah proses pemahaman siswa ataupun pemberian makana atas suatu informasi terkait orang utan

2)      Orang utan adalah sejenis kera besar dengan lengan panjang dan berbulu kemerahan atau cokelat, yang hidup di hutan tropika Indonesia dan Malaysia. Khususnya di pulau sumatera dan Kalimantan.

3)      Konservasi adalah berasal dari kata Conservation yang terdiri atas kata con (together) dan servare (keep/save) yang memiliki pengertian mengenai upaya memelihara apa yang kita punya (keep/save what you have), namun secara bijaksana (wise use). Ide ini dikemukakan oleh Theodore Roosevelt (1902) yang merupakan orang Amerika pertama yang mengemukakan tentang konsep konservasi. Konservasi dalam pengertian sekarang, wring diter emahkan sebagai the wise use of nature resource (pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam secara bijaksana).

4)      Pendidikan lingkungan adalah kekuatan dan pilar utama keberhasilan konservasi. Pendekatan pendidikan lingkungan kognitif (sadar), afektif (memahami) dan psikomotorik (perubahan perilaku) berdampak langsung pada upaya konservasi

Nine things you should think about before taking a life insurance

When you apply for life insurance, you will most likely have to take a medical exam.

Individual life insurance companies have a number of tools at their disposal when it comes to rating policies, and one of those tools is medical underwriting. Since the basis of insurance involves assessing risk, health status plays a critical role in the underwriting process.

What to expect

Paramedical examiners are licensed health professionals that insurance companies hire to perform medical examinations on potential policyholders. When you apply for life insurance you will be required to answer a series of medical questions, or if you apply for a policy at an insurance website, you can fill out a questionnaire online. The second part of the application is a medical form that is completed by your examiner. Examinations are generally performed in the privacy of your home or place of business.

Most paramedical exams require examiners to collect a urine sample and blood draw. You will also be asked to provide your driver’s license and social security number. Typically an examiner will accept alternative forms of identification such as a military ID, passport or state issue identification cards with a photo ID. This information will be used to fill out the lab ticket. The lab uses your complete blood count (CBC), to rule out a number of conditions such as leukemia, cancer or HIV. You may also be required to take a liver function test, or a Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) test, which is used to rule out alcoholism, cirrhosis and other liver diseases. Lab technicians also check your cholesterol level, which will be used to evaluate your risk for heart attack or stroke.

In addition to urine and blood samples, examiners will check your blood pressure, pulse rate, and measure your height and weight. In some cases, you might be required to take an X-ray or treadmill test. Some exams might require checking your “timed vital capacity” (TVC). This is a breathing test that determines how well your lungs are functioning. They may also require some applicants who smoke or have a history of heart disease to have an electrocardiogram (EKG), a test that records electrical changes in the heart.

Questions your examiner will ask you include:

1. Name and address of personal physician?

2. Date and reason last consulted?

3. What treatment was given or medication prescribed?

What you should do

While some folks find paramedical examinations a little daunting, the extent of a paramedical exam varies by insurance company.

Also, some companies require less information than others and have a shortened version of a paramedical exam. But be warned— if you are a smoker, your mortality rate is often higher than nonsmokers, and insurance companies usually require a more thorough medical examination for tobacco users.

“If your agent isn’t prepping you for your exam then they are not doing the right thing,” says Ryan Pinney, a brokerage director and insurance risk specialist for Pinney Insurance Center, Inc. in Roseville, Calif. “There are so many things that can mess up your lab results that people don’t consider.”

Pinney offers some sage advice that will help increase your odds of doing well on an examination.

1. Don’t consume alcohol for 72 hours prior to your exam.

2. Don’t take your exam if you are dehydrated.

3. Don’t take ibuprofen or aspirin because this will create elevated liver function.

4. If you exercise or work out regularly, take a break for a day or two prior to the exam. “When you work out your muscles breakdown and that can tweak the outcome of your lab,” says Pinney.

5. Don’t eat fatty foods for at least two days before your examination. “If you have an exam coming up and you must choose between a triple cheeseburger or salad, go with the salad. Even if you don’t have high cholesterol, fatty foods will temporarily heighten your cholesterol levels,” notes Pinney.

6. Take your exam first thing in the morning don’t wait until later in the evening. “Your blood pressure is lower in the morning because you’ve been sleeping for 6 to 8 hours. It’s never a good idea to get stressed out at work, fight rush hour traffic and then take your exam,” Pinney recommends. In addition, Pinney says when you sleep your back compresses, so you are also a little taller in the morning. “This can help you when it comes to measuring your height and weight.”

7. Wear your tennis shoes. “When your height and weight is measured you don’t have to take off your clothes or shoes. But I discourage wearing steel-toed boots or a tool belt because depending on the item this could make you 35 pounds heavier. The examiner is not required to tell you to remove those items,” says Pinney. Pinney adds that you are also not allowed to keep your high heels on at a paramedical examination.

8. Never volunteer information. “Let the examiner ask the questions,” says Pinney. “When an examiner asks you if you’ve been diagnosed with heart disease this is not a good time to tell him you haven’t and then mention you’ve had chest pains lately. If the insurance company wants to know more details, the underwriter will contact you.”

9. When the examiner asks you a question, don’t lie. “Do not try to outsmart the insurance company,” says Pinney. “Any misrepresentations can be considered insurance fraud on a more serious level. If you omit information or lie, once the insurance company finds out, you will be denied coverage and your application will be rescinded.”